Groupe de tuteur : une étude de cas sur le phénomène de « native-speakerism » dissimulée sous une façade de justice sociale

Auteurs-es

  • Hector Sebastian Alvarez McGill University

Mots-clés :

nativespeakerism, discriminations, NEST, NNEST, racisme

Résumé

Cet article examine les stratégies clandestines que l’iTutorGroup utilise pour discriminer contre les enseignants de nationalités qu’ils semblent considérer comme indésirables. Grâce à l’analyse du contenu de nombreuses soumissions de candidatures, les résultats montrent que le processus d’embauche automatique offre aux enseignants de ces nationalités perçus comme indésirables un salaire potentiel plus bas et seulement une entrevue asynchrone enregistrée sur vidéo, voire même un refus d’une entrevue. Les ressortissants britanniques, australasiens et nord-américains, bénéficient d’un salaire potentiel plus élevé ainsi que d’une entrevue individuelle en direct. La compagnie dissimule ces stratégies discriminatoires sous une façade d’égalité puisqu’elle est l’un des partenaires globaux de l’association internationale TESOL. En tant que partenaire global, iTutorGroup suit en prétendant respecter les politiques de non-discrimination.

Biographie de l'auteur-e

Hector Sebastian Alvarez, McGill University

est candidat au doctorat à l’université de McGill. Enseignant avec plus de 15 ans d’expérience, il a travaillé dans quatre pays différents au niveau primaire, secondaire et universitaire. Ses principaux intérêts de recherche sont les questions NEST/NNEST, le « native-speakerism » et les pratiques d’embauche des enseignants d’anglais. hector.alvarez@mail.mcgill.ca

Références

Appleby, R. (2017). Occidental romanticism and English language education. In D. J. Rivers, & K. Zotzmann (Eds.), Isms in language education: Oppression, intersectionality and emancipation (pp. 249–266). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501503085-013

Akcan, S., Aydin, B., Karaman, A. C., Seferoglu, G., Korkmazgil, S., Özbilgin, A., & Selvi, A. F. (2017). Qualities and qualifications of EFL professionals: What do intensive English program administrators think? TESOL Journal, 8(3), 675–699. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.293

Alvarez, H. S. (2020). Critical literature review: Native speakerism within the Asian context. Journal of Belonging, Identity, Language, and Diversity, 4(2), 4–19.

Amin, N. (1997). Race and the identity of the nonnative ESL teacher. TESOL Quarterly, 31(3), 580–583. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587841

Asociación de Centros de Enseñanza de Idiomas de Andalucía. (2017, February 14). ACEIA se opone al uso del término “nativo” en los anuncios para la contratación de docentes de idiomas al considerarlo discriminatorio [ACEIA opposes the discriminatory use of the term "native" in advertisements used for hiring language teachers] [Press release]. https://nnest.moussu.net/docs/ACEIA_PressRelease(2017).pdf

Association of British Columbia Teachers of English as an Additional Language. (2014). BC TEAL position statement against discrimination on the grounds of nationality, ethnicity or linguistic heritage. https://nnest.moussu.net/docs/BCTEAL_PositionStatement(2014).pdf

Braine, G. (2010). Nonnative speaker English teachers: Research, pedagogy, and professional growth. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203856710

Calafato, R. (2019). The non-native speaker teacher as proficient multilingual: A critical review of research from 2009–2018. Lingua, 227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2019.06.001

China’s iTutorGroup targets $2 billion valuation ahead of IPO. (2018, April 24). Bloomberg. http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy3.library.mcgill.ca/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=140676854&scope=site

English Program in Korea. (n.d.). Eligibility. http://www.epik.go.kr/contents.do?contentsNo=48&menuNo=275

Fithriani, R. (2018). Discrimination behind NEST and NNEST dichotomy in ELT pofesionalism [sic]. KnE Social Sciences, 3(4), 741–755. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i4.1982

Hickey, M. (2018). Thailand’s ‘English fever’, migrant teachers and cosmopolitan aspirations in an interconnected Asia. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 39(5), 738–751. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2018.1435603

Holliday, A. (2005). The struggle to teach English as an international language. Oxford University Press.

Holliday, A. (2008). Standards of English and politics of inclusion. Language Teaching, 41(1), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0261444807004776

Hsu, H. (2005, November 28). Mainland bias against Chinese from the West. South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/node/526855

iTutorGroup. (2015). ITutorGroup raises landmark Series C financing, valuing the company at over $1 billion [Press release]. https://web.archive.org/web/20200218020642/http:/itutorgroup.com/news_03.html

iTutorGroup. (2018, July 21). Keynote speech by iTutorGroup CEO Dr. Eric Yang at 2018 TESOL International Association China Assembly. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/notes/696057414668295/?locale=zh_CN&paipv=0&eav=AfbOpe83lIx9N-1RbVCdeWUTPmdXfsp48A8brcpkyrbysve3IKLP2w7I18FKj_wNaFg

iTutorGroup. (2020a, April 14). ITutorGroup: How an online education company helps to keep students in class amid COVID-19 [Press release]. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/itutorgroup-how-an-online-education-company-helps-to-keep-students-in-class-amid-covid-19-301039995.html

iTutorGroup. (2020b). Teaching requirements. https://web.archive.org/web/20191217010146/https://join.itutorgroup.com/#/?fromwhere=groupsite

Jenkins, J. (2005). Implementing an international approach to English pronunciation: The role of teacher attitudes and identity. TESOL Quarterly, 39(3), 535–543. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588493

Kachru, B. B. (1992). Models for non-native Englishes. In B. Kachru (Ed.), The other tongue: English across cultures (pp. 48–74). University of Illinois Press.

Kachru, B. B., & Nelson, C. L. (1996). World Englishes. In S. L. Mckay & N. H. Hornberger (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and language teaching (pp. 71–102). Cambridge University Press.

Keaney, G. (2016). NEST schemes and their role in English language teaching: A management perspective. In F. Copland, S. Garton, & S. Mann (Eds.), LETs and NESTs: Voices, views and vignettes (pp. 126–146). British Council.

Kiczkowiak, M. (2014, July 18). Native English-speaking teachers: Always the right choice? Voices Magazine. https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/native-english-speaking-teachers-always-right-choice

KOTESOL. (2019). KOTESOL non-discrimination policy. https://koreatesol.org/sites/default/files/pdf/KOTESOL-nondiscrimination-policy-rev-2019-6_0.pdf

Kubota, R., & Lin, A. (2006). Race and TESOL: Introduction to concepts and theories. TESOL Quarterly, 40(3), 471–493. https://doi.org/10.2307/40264540

Leimgruber, J. R. E. (2013). The trouble with World Englishes. English Today, 29(3), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078413000242

Leonard, P. (2019). ‘Devils’ or ‘Superstars’? Making English language teachers in China. In Lehmann, A., & Leonard, P. (Eds.), Destination China: Immigration to China in the post-reform era (pp. 147–172). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54433-9_7

Liu, J. (2018). Native-speakerism in ELT: A case study of English language education in China. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Liverpool.

Lowe, R. J., & Pinner, R. (2016). Finding the connections between native-speakerism and authenticity. Applied Linguistics Review, 7(1), 27–52. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2016-0002

Mackenzie, L. (2021). Discriminatory job advertisements for English language teachers in Colombia: An analysis of recruitment biases. TESOL Journal, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.535

Magic Ears. (2019). Everything you want to know about Magic Ears is here. https://t.mmears.com/v2/learn?rf=Google

Mahboob, A. & Golden R. (2013). Looking for native speakers of English: Discrimination in English language teaching job advertisements. Voices in Asia Journal, 1(1), 72–81.

Online English Teaching. (n.d.). iTutor overview. https://www.onlineenglishteaching.com/itutor

Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic imperialism. Oxford University Press.

Rao, Z. (2009). Chinese students’ perceptions of native English-speaking teachers in EFL teaching. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 31(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434630903301941

Rivers, D. J. (2013). Implications for identity: Inhabiting the ‘native-speaker’ English teacher location in the Japanese sociocultural context. In D. J. Rivers & S. A. Houghton (Eds.), Social identities and multiple selves in foreign language education (pp. 33–56). Bloomsbury. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472542045.ch-002

Rivers, D. J. (2016). Employment advertisements and native-speakerism in Japanese higher education. In F. Copland, S. Garton, & S. Mann (Eds.), LETs and NESTs: Voices, views and vignettes (pp. 126–146). British Council.

Rivers, D. J., & Ross, A. S. (2013). Idealized English teachers: The implicit influence of race in Japan. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 12(5), 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2013.835575

Ruecker, T., & Ives, L. (2015). White native English speakers needed: The rhetorical construction of privilege in online teacher recruitment spaces. TESOL Quarterly, 49(4), 733–756. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.195

Selvi, A. F. (2010). All teachers are equal, but some teachers are more equal than others: Trend analysis of job advertisements in English language teaching. WATESOL NNEST Caucus Annual Review, 1, 156–181. https://www.academia.edu/226716/All_Teachers_are_Equal_but_Some_Teachers

_are_More_Equal_than_Others_Trend_Analysis_of_Job_Advertisements_

in_English_Language_Teaching_2010_

Shao, T. (2005, October). Teaching English in China: NNESTs need not apply? NNEST Newsletter, 7(2). https://web.archive.org/web/20210225225741/https://www.tesol.org/news-landing-page/2011/10/27/nnest-news-volume-7-2-(october-2005)

Song, S., & Zhang, Z. (2010). Re-imagining the employment of nonnative-English-speaking teachers in EFL contexts. Forum for Fair Employment Fall 2010 Newsletter, 1–2. https://web.archive.org/web/20101025202047/http://karen.stanley.people.cpcc.

edu/Docs%20for%20FFE%20page/newsletters/Sept2010FFEnewsletter.doc

Sołek-Borowska, C., & Wilczewska, M. (2018). New technologies in the recruitment process. Economics and Culture, 15(2), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.2478/jec-2018-0017

Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Sage.

Stanley, P. (2013). A critical ethnography of 'Westerners' teaching English in China: Shanghaied in Shanghai. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203078051

State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs. (2018, January 26). Evaluation criteria for foreigners employed in China (trial). http://english.www.gov.cn/services/work_in_china/2018/01/26/content_

htm

Teach&GO. (2020, January 16). iTutorGroup review – The worst paying online teaching company? https://teachandgo.com/blog/itutorgroup-review/

TESOL International Association. (n.d.). About. https://www.tesol.org/about/

TESOL International Association. (2001, October). Position statement opposing discrimination. https://www.tesol.org/media/w4xmhupt/antidiscrimination.pdf

TESOL International Association. (2006, March). Position statement against discrimination of nonnative speakers of English in the field of TESOL. https://www.tesol.org/media/d2gfeisk/position-statement-against-nnest-discrimination-march-2006-1.pdf

TESOL International Association. (2020). Global Partnership Program. https://www.tesol.org/about-tesol/advertise-sponsor-or-exhibit/alliance-partnership

TESOL-SPAIN. (2017). TESOL-SPAIN position statement against discrimination. https://nnest.moussu.net/docs/TESOLSpain_PositionStatement(2017).pdf

Widdowson, H. G. (1994). The ownership of English. TESOL Quarterly, 28(2), 377–389.

Yano, Y. (2009). The future of English: Beyond the Kachruvian three circle model? In K. Murata, & J. Jenkins (Eds.), Global Englishes in Asian contexts: Current and future debates (pp. 208–225). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230239531

Zoltán, D. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodologies. Oxford University Press.

Publié-e

2022-03-31

Comment citer

Alvarez, H. S. (2022). Groupe de tuteur : une étude de cas sur le phénomène de « native-speakerism » dissimulée sous une façade de justice sociale. Revue Des Sciences De l’éducation De McGill, 57(2). Consulté à l’adresse https://mje.mcgill.ca/article/view/9949

Numéro

Rubrique

Articles