CONSTRUCTION DE LA NOTION D’« ÉLÈVE À BESOINS ÉDUCATIFS PARTICULIERS » PAR DE JEUNES ENSEIGNANTS DURANT LEUR PREMIÈRE ANNÉE DE PRATIQUE PROFESSIONNELLE : DU SENS INDIVIDUEL AU SENS COLLECTIF
Keywords:
meaning attributed to difference, students with special needs, young teachers, first year of professional practiceAbstract
Cet article montre comment de jeunes enseignants des écoles primaires donnent sens à la notion d’élève à besoins éducatifs particuliers durant leur première année d’enseignement dans une classe comprenant un tel élève. L’analyse de contenu a permis de mettre en évidence trois visions influant sur la manière de travailler avec ces élèves. La prégnance d’une vision individuelle et médicale, clairement de nature à faire obstacle à la scolarisation des élèves ayant des besoins éducatifs particuliers en classe ordinaire, renvoie au rôle que joue l’environnement scolaire dans l’identification et la construction des difficultés des élèves. L’analyse a également permis de montrer la construction progressive d’un sens collectif porté par l’établissement scolaire et/ou les personnes avec qui le jeune enseignant collabore.
YOUNG TEACHERS CONSTRUCTING THE NOTION OF A “STUDENT WITH SPECIAL NEEDS” DURING THEIR FIRST YEAR OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE: FROM INDIVIDUAL TO COLLECTIVE MEANING
This article demonstrates how young elementary school teachers attribute meaning to the notion of a student with special educational needs during their first year of teaching with such a student in their classroom. A content analysis highlighted three perspectives that influence how teachers work with special needs students. The persisting individual and medical perspective, clearly obstructing the education of students with special needs in a regular classroom, points to the school environment’s role in identifying and constructing students’ difficulties. The analysis also demonstrated the progressive construction of a collective meaning held by the school and/or the persons working in collaboration with the young teachers.
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