AU-DELÀ DES DÉTERMINISMES BIOLOGIQUE ET CLASSISTE DANS L’EXPLICATION DES INÉGALITÉS SCOLAIRES
Abstract
Cette critique appartient à une série de trois articles de la section Forum sur le livre de Barnes (2016), Are They Rich Because They’re Smart? Elle analyse les arguments dont Barnes se sert pour déconstruire le point de vue défendu par Herrstein et Murray (1994) dans The Bell Curve. Pour Barnes, le discours de Herrstein et Murray remplit une fonction politique, et non scientifique : il sert à justifier, avec des arguments biologiques faux, les inégalités économiques dont la soi-disant méritocratie profite, alors que l’explication des inégalités socioéconomiques et culturelles est sociopolitique. La réponse de Barnes, centrée sur la lutte des classes sociales, minimise toutefois le rôle des pratiques et des interactions des agents dans l’analyse des rapports sociaux inégalitaires.
BEYOND DETERMINISTIC BIOLOGICAL AND CLASS-BASED EXPLANATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITIES
This critique is part of a three-article series in the MJE Forum section on Barnes’ book (2016) Are They Rich Because They’re Smart? It analyzes Barnes’ deconstruction of Herrstein and Murray’s (1994) The Bell Curve. According to Barnes, Herrstein and Murray’s analysis serves a political rather than a scientific purpose by relying on false biological claims to justify economical inequalities benefiting the so-called meritocracy, while socio-economic and cultural inequalities are rooted in socio-political factors. However, in his response centered on class struggles, Barnes minimizes the role of practices and interactions in his analysis of social inequalities.
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